SCI-G9

 

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SCIENCE GRADE 9

FIRST QUARTER

CONTENT

1. Newton's Laws 

2. Force and energy 

3. Electric current 

4. Electrical circuits 

5. Interpreting patterns in data 

6. Electromagnetic waves

CONTENT STANDARDS

1. Newton’s laws explain and predict how objects move due to the forces that act on them. 

2. Electricity is a flow of electrons and can be measured and understood using current, voltage, and resistance in circuits. 

3. Electromagnetic radiation travels using transverse waves of different wavelengths. 

4. Scientists and engineers use electromagnetic radiation to design modern technologies that benefit people and society.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

1. identify inertia as the tendency for an object to stay at rest or in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced net force; 

2. demonstrate in practical situations and describe that acceleration is a change in speed and/or direction as the result of a net force; 

3. investigate the relationship among force, acceleration, and mass; 

4. explain that when any two objects interact, there are equal but opposite forces exerted between them, which is evident in many practical situations and applications; 

5. observe and identify action-reaction pairs in everyday situations such as stepping off a boat, or a book on a table, and draw force diagrams to explain how the pairs affect the motion of objects; 

6. identify that electricity is a flow of electrons and show appreciation for the need to observe safe measures in handling electricity;

7. participate in guided investigations to infer the relationship among current, voltage, and resistance in assembled series and parallel circuits with varying number of loads and battery; 

8. draw diagrams of and assemble series and parallel circuits, showing switch, battery, loads/resistors, ammeter, and voltmeter; 

9. collaborate in a class discussion to recognize the advantages and limitations of using series or parallel circuits; 

10. describe electromagnetic radiation (EMR) as energy that is created by the vibrations of electrically charged particles which allows it to travel through materials or space as transverse waves; 

11. compare the relative wavelengths and frequencies of different types of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra-violet, x-rays, and gamma radiation;

12. identify practical applications of electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves used in telecommunications, and x-rays and gamma rays in medicine; and 

13. gather information from secondary sources to explain the harmful effects that EMR can have on living things.

SECOND QUARTER

CONTENT

1. Scale, proportion and quantity 

2. Plate boundaries 

3. Structure of the Earth 

4. Geologic time 

5. Origin of the Solar System 

6. Space Technologies

CONTENT STANDARDS

1. Evidence for continents moving includes jig-saw matching of coastlines, rock types, and the presence of similar fossils in places separated by vast distance. 

2. The movement of lithospheric plates provides a theory for understanding Earth’s geological history.

 3. The geological time scale organizes major stages in the history of the Earth over more than 4 billion years.

 4. Radioactive decay of material inside the Earth since it was formed is its internal source of energy. 

5. The Earth’s interior is made up of layers of varying characteristics. 

6. Models represent the size, structure, and relationship of components of the Solar System 

7. Observable evidence and models help explain the nature and origin of the Solar System. 

LEARNING COMPETENCY

1. identify and explain evidence that current continents are separate parts of what was a single continent millions of years ago; 

2. participate in a collaborative group or class task to examine and describe the topographical and geological evidence for plate boundaries occurring in the area where the Philippines is located; 

3. describe the types of plate boundaries found around the Earth; 

4. describe how fossils can be used for dating the age of rocks and sediments; 

5. describe how relative and absolute dating techniques are used to determine the subdivisions of geologic time;

 6. explain how the geologic time scale helps to recount the history of the Earth; 

7. describe how seismic wave data has been used to develop a model for the internal structure and composition of the Earth; 

8. create a scale drawing to represent relative thicknesses of the layers of Earth’s interior, including the crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, mantle, outer core, and inner core;

 9. distinguish among comets, meteoroids, asteroids, and dwarf planets, and describe how they help us to understand the nature and formation of the Earth and the Solar System; 

10. gather information from secondary sources to discuss the regular occurrence of meteor showers; and 11. explain how modern research about celestial objects uses new space technologies including telescopes and space probes.

THIRD QUARTER

CONTENT

1. DNA replication and mutations 

2. Biodiversity and endangered species 

3. Types of ecosystems in the Philippines 

CONTENT STANDARDS

1. Transmission of traits is determined by DNA, genes, and chromosomes. 

2. High biodiversity means populations are more likely to overcome adverse conditions. 

3. Human activities can adversely affect animals and plants in a variety of ecosystems. 

LEARNING COMPETENCY

1. use models and labeled diagrams to represent the double helix structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid); 

2. explain the role of DNA, genes, and chromosomes in the transmission of traits; 

3. describe mutations as changes in DNA or chromosomes and discuss some of the factors that cause mutations, such as infectious agents, radiation, and chemicals; 

4. use information from secondary sources to explain the beneficial, harmful, and neutral effects of mutations; 

5. explain the advantage of high biodiversity in maintaining the stability of an ecosystem during difficult conditions, such as food shortages, disease, and climate change; 

6. use information from secondary resources to classify animals and plants of the Philippines as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable species; 

7. discuss as a class how threats to biodiversity can lead to species extinction; 

8. use information from secondary sources to research how to protect and conserve endangered and/or economically important species in the local community; 

9. describe using labeled diagrams the biotic and abiotic features of tropical rainforests, swamps, estuaries, mangrove forests, and coral reefs; 

10. use information from secondary sources to describe the possible effects of human activities, such as deforestation, pollution, and introduction of invasive species, on living things in an ecosystem; and 

11. plan to conduct a survey to explore the possibilities for minimizing the negative impacts of human activities on an ecosystem.

FOURTH QUARTER

CONTENT

1. Valid and reliable investigations 

2. Chemical bonding 

3. Ionic compounds 

4. Covalent compounds 

5. Metallic bonds 

6. Chemical formula

CONTENT STANDARDS

1. Valid and reliable scientific investigations include identification and control of variables. 

2. Formation or breaking down of ionic or covalent bonds results in a chemical change.

 3. Bonds are formed between atoms either by sharing or transferring of electrons. 

4. The type of bond formed determines whether the result is a covalent or ionic compound. 

5. Symbols for the elements are used as a basis for writing chemical formula of compounds. 

6. The properties of pure substances depend on the type of bonding within them.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

1. carry out a valid and reliable scientific investigation to show the formation of a new substance, such as formation of a carbonate (carbon dioxide in limewater), or formation of a precipitate (from silver nitrate solution); 

2. explain that the formation of new bonds or the breaking of existing bonds constitutes a chemical change and the formation of a new substance; 

3. describe a valence electron as an electron in the outer shell of an atom that can take part in formation of bonds; 

4. identify the number of valence electrons of oxygen based on its position in the periodic table;

 5. explain the formation of ions as either the loss or gain of electrons to produce ionic bonds, using examples, such as the formation of sodium chloride; 

6. write the chemical formula and chemical names of some common ionic compounds, including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium oxide (MgO), potassium chloride (KCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2); 

7. explain the formation of covalent bonds using a molecule of water and a molecule of carbon dioxide; 8. write the chemical formula and chemical name of some common covalent compounds, including water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3); 

9. show by using models that ionic compounds form crystalline structures whereas covalent compounds form individual molecules; 

10. explain properties of metals in terms of their structure and metallic bonding (sea of electrons model); and 

11. investigate the properties of ionic, covalent, and metallic substances, such as melting point, hardness, electrical and thermal conductivity.